SELECT 
  id_path 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  category_id IN (
    43, 56, 57, 67, 75, 79, 80, 82, 85, 89, 93, 
    217, 226, 227, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 
    238, 241, 259, 261, 267, 306
  )

Query time 0.00041

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_categories",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["category_id"],
      "rows": 25,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_categories.category_id in (43,56,57,67,75,79,80,82,85,89,93,217,226,227,233,234,235,236,237,238,241,259,261,267,306)"
    }
  }
}