SELECT 
  id_path 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  category_id IN (
    1, 20, 44, 46, 47, 61, 67, 70, 73, 75, 76, 
    77, 81, 83, 87, 88, 90, 94, 95, 107, 233, 
    236, 241, 242, 258, 261, 306
  )

Query time 0.00046

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_categories",
      "access_type": "ALL",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "rows": 240,
      "filtered": 11.25,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_categories.category_id in (1,20,44,46,47,61,67,70,73,75,76,77,81,83,87,88,90,94,95,107,233,236,241,242,258,261,306)"
    }
  }
}