SELECT 
  cscart_products.* 
FROM 
  cscart_products 
WHERE 
  cscart_products.product_id IN (
    55, 337, 5473, 345, 56, 336, 105, 280, 
    5556, 5477, 235, 92, 227
  )

Query time 0.00074

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
      "rows": 13,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_products.product_id in (55,337,5473,345,56,336,105,280,5556,5477,235,92,227)"
    }
  }
}